Panorama — 1993

01 The Great Pit Disaster

Jan 11, 1993

The economic case for closing 31 pits and putting 30,000 miners on the dole was "unanswerable", the government said. But public outcry forced them to order a review.

02 The Road to Hope

Jan 18, 1993

On 20 January, Bill Clinton will become the first Democratic president of the United States for 12 years. Peter Jay, who was Britain's ambassador to the USA during the Carter administration, examines the mood of the country.

03 Episode 3

Jan 25, 1993

04 The Bitter-Enders: Part 1

Feb 1, 1993

First of a two-part report. As South Africa prepares for the coming election, David Dimbleby talks to President F W De Klerk and to Nelson Mandela.

05 The Bitter-Enders: Part 2

Feb 8, 1993

Second of a two-part report. David Dimbleby talks to President F W De Klerk and to Nelson Mandela, and assesses the chances of the white and black population reaching a settlement which will put an end to the confrontation and bloodshed.

06 Episode 6

Feb 15, 1993

07 Monarchy, Magic and Citizen Major

Feb 22, 1993

This year sees the 40th anniversary of the Queen's coronation. What is the prospect for the monarchy today, and what place is there for its ancient magic in Citizen Major's Britain? Vivian White reports.

08 Whose Mind Is It Anyway?

Mar 1, 1993

A month after being discharged from a psychiatric hospital, Tracey Evans killed her children in what she called an "act of love". Her husband believes it wouldn't have happened if she had received more supervision when she left hospital.

09 Arming for Islam

Mar 8, 1993

A new military power looks set to overtake Saddam's Iraq. In the Islamic republic of Iran the heirs of Ayatollah Khomeini are spending billions on arms. Jane Corbin investigates that Iran is trying to get weapons of mass destruction.

10 A Class Apart

Mar 15, 1993

The dramatic increase in the numbers of children expelled from school is causing problems for a Government already grappling with public anxiety over juvenile crime. Many children now receive as little as one hour's education a week.

11 The Peace Penalty

Mar 22, 1993

As the post-Cold War military cuts go deeper, Britain faces hundreds of thousands of job losses in the defence sector, bringing despair to areas of previously high employment.

12 Underclass in Purdah

Mar 29, 1993

Nisha Pillai reveals the emergence of a Muslim underclass among Pakistanis and Bangladeshis and looks at the dangers and dilemmas it throws up.

13 Fair Cops

Apr 5, 1993

Britain's top policemen now admit that their old Dixon of Dock Green image was always a myth - and that in the battle to convict criminals, truth has often been the first casualty. Steve Bradshaw reports.

14 Dumping Granny

Apr 19, 1993

By the end of this decade more than a million people in Britain will be over 85. Some families are already abandoning relatives when they become very old and frail, Margaret Gilmore investigates.

15 Episode 15

Apr 26, 1993

16 Pack of Lies

May 10, 1993

Tom Mangold investigates the tobacco companies' conspiracy to cover up research that helps prove the link between smoking, cancer and other diseases; and how the industry decided to drop the successful marketing of a safer cigarette.

17 Lucky to Have a Job

May 17, 1993

Are workers in Britain being exploited by bosses who say they are lucky to have a job? Thousands are being forced to work longer hours for less pay. Others are sacked for no reason and there is nothing in the law to protect them.

18 The Beast of Corleone

May 24, 1993

For more than ten years, Salvatore Riina was the Godfather of the Mafia, the world's largest criminal organisation. After 23 years on the run, he was arrested. Does his arrest mark a turning point in the struggle against organised crime?

19 The Gene Genie

Jun 7, 1993

The race is on to discover the genes that determine people's susceptibility to illness and disease. Billions of dollars are available in the new market for genetic testing but the human costs of such advances may outweigh the benefits.

20 Secrets of the Citadel

Jun 14, 1993

A report from Aldermaston, Britain's top-secret nuclear weapons factory, known as the Citadel. Nuclear weapons are being constructed in buildings that were condemned 15 years ago by an independent inquiry into the Atomic Weapons Facility.

21 Lloyd's Last Chance

Jun 21, 1993

Lloyd's of London - the most famous insurance market in the world - is in crisis. After hurricanes, terrorism and tanker disasters losses run into billions, and legal actions alleging negligence and fraud abound.

22 Bad Medicine

Jun 28, 1993

Can hospitals be trusted to provide the best possible care? Panorama offers evidence that some cannot and that differences in financing and treatment mean that certain hospitals and surgeons are more effective than others

23 The Gift of God or Human Torment?

Jul 5, 1993

Thousands of Catholic priests have left active service to marry. Sex scandals involving American archbishops have rocked Rome and led Pope John Paul II to concede that the public's trust in the church and priestly morale is being eroded.

24 Wessex Man

Jul 12, 1993

Wessex Regional Health Authority is said to have wasted tens of millions of pounds on installing a computer system that had to be abandoned. Vivian White uncovers the people and companies responsible for squandering vital NHS funds.

25 The Dental AIDS Mystery

Jul 19, 1993

Florida dentist Dr David Acer has been held responsible for transmitting the deadly HIV virus to six of his patients. Two have died. Yet after a two-year inquiry no one can find out how it happened.

26 The Rape of Justice

Jul 26, 1993

In cases of sexual assault, are the courts too lenient when it comes to sentencing? Will the government respond to public disquiet? Deborah Davies reports.

27 To Catch a Thief

Aug 2, 1993

Is Britain becoming a nation of vigilantes? Peter Godwin investigates a growing trend of DIY crime-fighters - some legal, others definitely not.

28 Episode 28

Aug 9, 1993

29 Episode 29

Aug 16, 1993

30 The Whole Truth

Aug 23, 1993

A succession of miscarriages of justice have brought about tougher measures to protect the accused in criminal cases. But have the scales of justice tilted too far in favour of the defendants?

31 An Ordinary Boy

Sep 6, 1993

Two IRA bombs in a crowded Warrington shopping centre on 20 March this year killed 3-year-old Jonathan Ball immediately; 12-year-old Tim Parry died five days later. Steve Bradshaw reports.

32 The Norway Channel

Sep 13, 1993

The story of a Norwegian couple who had formed a secret channel between the Israelis and the Palestinian Liberation Organisation.

33 Panorama Special: The Manager

Sep 16, 1993

34 Babies on Benefit

Sep 20, 1993

Michele is 22 and expecting the fifth of her babies she's had by two different fathers. Janet lied to the authorities to gain extra welfare benefits for her children. Panorama investigates the cost to the state of young single motherhood.

35 Cut Adrift

Oct 4, 1993

"It's very easy when you're in politics - to find yourself cut adrift from the everyday concerns of people in the country" John Major tells Panorama. Huw Edwards asks party members whether Mr Major can dispel the doubts on his leadership.

36 Pensioned Off

Oct 11, 1993

Stephen Bradshaw reports that the state pays out billions of pounds in benefits to pensioners who don't need the money. Would it not make sense to target their pension money at the millions of poor old people who desperately need it?

37 The Sinful Messiah

Oct 18, 1993

John Penycate examines the Branch Davidians and David Koresh's bizarre cocktail of religion, violence and sexual abuse, and reveals the story of the US government's role In the Waco shooting, siege and final conflagration

38 Securing a Headline

Nov 1, 1993

With the Jamie Bulger trial about to start, and public concern about child criminals in the news, the Government is promising tough new policies to deal with the worst offenders. They plan new sentences and new lock-ups for 12-14 year-olds

39 Water - Profits and Poverty

Nov 8, 1993

A few yrs ago water charges were a small item on the rates bill, but now they're increasing up to 8 times the rate of inflation. While water chiefs and shareholders enjoy a profits bonanza, water poverty threatens millions of families.

40 A Very British Folly

Nov 15, 1993

This week the government is expected to give the final go-ahead to Thorp, a nuclear "laundry" meant to clean the used fuel of a new generation of atomic power stations. But is Thorp really needed? Correspondent Ian Breech reports.

41 Episode 41

Nov 22, 1993

42 Episode 42

Nov 29, 1993

43 Race, Violence and the Law

Dec 6, 1993

New government figures suggest that racially motivated attacks in Britain are far more frequent than was previously estimated. Only a small proportion are reported, however, and even fewer reach the courts. Margaret Gilmore reports.

44 Getting Away with Murder

Dec 13, 1993

Stephen Bradshaw reports from Foca, in Bosnia, where innocent civilians have been victims of war crimes, and of history's broken promises, and he names local politicians who failed to intervene and stop these crimes.